Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address - 1752 Words

Abraham Lincoln, Second Inaugural Address (1865) Page, 229. 1. Abraham Lincoln wrote second Inaugural Address in March 1865. I believe he wrote it because the cause of the civil war was slavery, since he blames that God was a cause of the Civil War and slavery. Lincoln also wanted the North and south to put aside their issues that divide them in order to heal their â€Å"broken arms†. 2. This document reflects the reveals that the Civil War was occurring during the time period. It also introduces the time Abraham Lincoln was assassinated. The cost of the Civil War was the lives of people. The document reflected the brutality of slavery, so Abraham Lincoln went through measures on attempting to abolish slavery. 3. The course textbook best relates to the document that was written by Abraham Lincoln. The course textbook and the document both imply that â€Å"they were fighting to gain a country†. The Voices of Created Equal: Volume 1 book implies, that how the government claimed no night to do nothing than restrict the territorial enlargement of slavery (p.230). 4. The reason on why Abraham Lincoln wrote this speech is because he wanted the North and the South to put aside their issues and to become one, to be more specific â€Å"a country†. Abraham Lincoln speaks about God and how that American slavery is an offense which, in the providence of God, but now in this time his wills to remove slavery, and that he gives both North and South the terrible war. Abraham Lincoln invokes God’s powerShow MoreRelatedThe Second Inaugural Address By Abraham Lincoln852 Words   |  4 PagesThe primary source I have chosen is the â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† by Abraham Lincoln. Abraham Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address on March 4, 1865. Lincoln delivered his address as the Civil War was drawing to a conclusion and the final ends towards slavery. His address was to thousands of spectators, but was intended for a national and international audience. Some of the conspirators involved with Lincoln’s assassination suc h as John Wilkes Booth, George Atzerodt, and John Surratt wereRead MoreAbraham Lincoln s Second Inaugural Address1070 Words   |  5 PagesOn March 4, 1865 Abraham Lincoln delivered his second inaugural address as president of the United States. The inaugural address came at the very end of the American Civil War, and just a month before the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. Prior to this address, the United States had been split into two different independent states, the Union and the Confederacy. Throughout Abraham Lincoln’s first term and the very beginning of his second, Lincoln had to deal with the secession of the eleven statesRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Second Inaugural Address1234 Words   |  5 PagesTiana Lanier Professor Lara Chapman Rhetorical Communication: A Theory of Civil Discourse July 7th, 2015 Rhetorical Discourse in Two Distinct Pieces of Work; Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address Emily Dickinson’s Success is Counted Sweetest Rhetoric is often denoted to as the art of persuasion. A set of linguistic traits and semantics used to evoke emotional responses from its intended audience, opening the floor for unanticipated influence by said audience. It would be an atrocity to ignoreRead MoreIn Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, President Lincoln addresses a divided nation. Both600 Words   |  3 PagesIn Abraham Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address, President Lincoln addresses a divided nation. Both the Union and the Confederacy are bitter to each other towards the end of the war. However, Lincoln calls both the north and the south to set aside their issues that divided them in order to heal their broken nation. Lincoln uses a slew of rhetorical methods in his speech such as tone, diction, and syntax to further assist him in achieving his purpose of uniting the nation. Lincoln’s optimistic toneRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : The Greatest President Of The United States1051 Words   |  5 Pages Abraham Lincoln, arguably said to be the greatest president of the United States, was simply a smooth-tongued politician with the ability to sway the masses and imbibe a sense of patriotism which would allow for the United States to go to war against itself, all while under the guise of equality and slavery; when in reality the war was about individual state rights, and the fact that the southern states were becoming too powerful to be controlled by the centralized federal government. Even fromRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1217 Words   |  5 PagesAbraham Lincoln was born in the year 1809 on February 12th in the town of Hardin County, Kentucky to Thomas and Nancy Lincoln. Growing up Lincoln had no proper education, consequently he read books and educated himself. During Lincoln’s young adult years, he worked a various number of jobs as a shopkeeper, surveyor, and a postmaster. In 1832, Lincoln became a captain of the Hawk War against the Native Americans. Shortly after the war was over, he began his political career and was elected to theRead MoreAbraham Lincolns Second Inaugural Address1093 Words   |  4 Pagesreconciliation, restoration† (Edwin Louis Cole). Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† is a speech that highlights every point in Cole’s quote. He, Lincoln, talks about how the south manages to rebel, how their economy will be left in ruin, how they will repent and be forgiven by both God and the North, how the North and the South will reconcile, and finally he talks of how the nation will move on to restoration. Abraham Lincoln’s â€Å"Second Inaugural Address† emphasizes the reconciliation of a tornRead MoreAbraham Lincoln : The Great Emancipator1590 Words   |  7 PagesSarmiento 6 Abraham Lincoln: The Great Emancipator During Abraham Lincoln’s presidency, the United States was divided into North and South, who were at war with one another. Recognizing the nation needed a determined leader to guide them into prosperity, Lincoln devised his plan for success. Lincoln’s attempts to preserve the North, while uniting them with the South seemed to be failing as the war continued throughout his first term. Once Lincoln got reelected in 1864, he set out to succeed inRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln1117 Words   |  5 PagesWar. The sixteenth President, Abraham Lincoln, administered in the oval office during this time of chaos. Lincoln’s presidency revolved around many issues that were tearing the nation apart. His duty was to ease tension with regards to slavery and emancipation, cease secession, and preserve the Union. Lincoln is best known for three of his greatest presidential addresses: The House Divided Speech, First Inaugural Address, and Second Inaugural Address. These ad dress helped bring the Union out of despairRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln924 Words   |  4 PagesAbraham Lincoln was the United States 16th President in 1861. The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by Lincoln, which freed slaves. According to the National Archives and Records Administration, â€Å"The proclamation declared, that all persons held as slaves within the rebellious states are, and henceforward shall be free† (Archives.gov). Despite the fact that the Emancipation Proclamation did not free all slaves, it paved the way for African-American to fight for freedom. It also changed the focus

Essay on Macbeth and Physical Appearance - 922 Words

Topic: Macbeth’s coronation dinner and his reaction to seeing Banquo’s ghost. The weird sisters appear and speak to Macduff after King Duncan is killed. Macbeth and Lady Macbeth prepare for Banquo’s funeral and tell the story of their interaction. Generating Ideas: Lady Macbeth and the death of Banquo. How everyone reacts to his death. The way everyone sees him. The weird sisters talking to Macduff after everything happened. Who? List and describe the characters involved in the narrative you are creating. Character Name: Macbeth How would you describe this character? Why? Physical Appearance Brave and loyal to king Duncan, and Duncan thought greatly of him. Because he needs to be loyal to†¦show more content†¦Because of her husband and the death of Duncan Attitude Her attitude changes threw out the play, she’s very confident in the beginning, she doesn’t really talk back to anyone, but as it goes on her attitude changes and she’s very upset all the time and depressed. Because of the death of Duncan What? Conflict Characters Conflict Experienced How do they respond? Macbeth King Duncan Lady Macbeth Macbeth kills Duncan, after being told to do it from his wife Lady Macbeth. Duncan is than killed. Lady Macbeth than goes insane threw out the play and Macbeth changes compliantly threw out the play. At first he was so very nervous about the killing of Duncan and than he got over that by killing someone else and than he was over it, because he thought it was the only way to keep himself safe. Macbeth reacts to it at first with a negative attitude than he moves on and is okay with it. Duncan has no feeling towards it because he is dead, and Lady Macbeth doesn’t handle it to well. She slowly goes crazy about it. She sleepwalks and talks about it while walking around the castle. Where? Write some words or phrases that will help you describe the setting of your story. Where do the events take place? What does it look like there? What does it feel like there? Greedy, selfish, brave, intense, uplifting, insane. OrganizationShow MoreRelatedPhysical Appearance Versus True Personality Depicted in Shakespeares Macbeth871 Words   |  4 Pagessociety, and judging people by their appearance usually results in an inaccurate view of what is on the inside. Often times, the physical appearance that is bothersome at first glance fades away as one gets to know the person’s true personality. From then on one will realize how important it is to get to know someone before judging them instead of jumping to conclusions prior to actually knowing them. In Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth, the theme of appearances arises multiple times in the judgmentsRead More The Supernatural in Hamlet and Macbeth Essays1047 Words   |  5 PagesThe Supernatural in Hamlet and Macbeth  Ã‚        Ã‚   In both Hamlet and Macbeth, the supernatural plays a very important role. Supernatural elements are crucial to the plot and they also have a more thematic part as well. Shakespeare presents the ghost in Hamlet, and the witches and ghost in Macbeth, as disrupting elements that not only enhance drama, but also tear apart the existing order of things. They force the title character of each play to undergo their own internal struggle that grows fromRead More The Witches in MacBeth Essay858 Words   |  4 PagesThe Witches in MacBeth      Ã‚   Shakespeare utilized many sources of information when writing his plays.   One of his sources for the witches in MacBeth was almost certainly Reginald Scots The Discoverie of Witchcraft, published in 1584.   In his book, Scot refuted many of the common notions regarding witches and their powers; nevertheless, the book created a basic outline for the typical witch, including physical descriptions and abilities.   The witches in MacBeth are representations ofRead MoreMacbeth Equivocation Essay1003 Words   |  5 PagesThe story of William Shakespeare’s Macbeth is a classic one of betrayal and destiny. One of the major themes of the play is the use of equivocation to create ambiguity. The definition of equivocation from the Oxford dictionary is: the use of ambiguous language to conceal the truth or to avoid committing oneself; prevarication. The very definition of equivocation contains the use of ambiguity, thus making the two very connected in terms of the story of the play. Equivocation is used multiple timesRead MoreTheme Of Appearance And Reality In Macbeth919 Words   |  4 Pagesperson is often masked by ones perception of appearance. In William Shakespeares Macbeth, Shakespeare shows how the looks and innocence of one is a camouflage behind wickedness like how Lady Macbeth uses her charm to look innocent, covering the fact that she is the mastermind behind all the evil plans. The idea of appearance vs reality is significant in this play as Lady Macbeth utilizes her innocent appeal to shroud her mischievousness as well as Macbeth uses his innocent identity to cover his motivesRead MoreThe Unnatural Characters In William Shakespeares Macbeth1155 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s Macbeth is a tragic tale about the title character who has been overcome with the desire for power. The out of ordinary thoughts spoken from the witches bring trouble for Macbeth, Lady Macbeth, and the entire kingdom. At the beginning of the play, the witches are introduced as women that have the physical appearance of men causing Macbeth to wonder, â€Å"What are you?† (1.3.50). The unnatural deeds begin with the all-knowing witches exclaiming, â€Å"All hail Macbeth! Hail to thee, Thane ofRead MoreMacbeth Character Analysis1073 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Shakespeare play, Macbeth, there is a character who at first appears to be a noble and honest soldier under the reign of Duncan, but his ambition got to the best of him after hearing the three witches prophecies. Macbeths characteristics change gradually throughout the play. His lust for power is causing him to do terrible decisions that only creates guilt and paranoia for the fallen character. Shakespeare demonstrates the impact of the change of personality on Macbeth and other prominent charactersRead MoreMacbeth Appearance Vs Reality1747 Words   |  7 Pagesan answer in his play, Macbeth. The way individuals follow-up (act) on the ou tside and who they truly are within might be two entirely unexpected things. Some may change since they feel they do not fit in while others put on a show to be someone they are not. Regardless of which way one looks at it, if an individual attempt to be someone he is not, his reality will eventually show up at last. This is precisely what occurs in William Shakespeare s play, Macbeth. Via Macbeth, William Shakespeare exploitsRead MoreWilliam Potter s Macbeth 1247 Words   |  5 PagesMacbeth, a tragedy play written by Shakespeare, illustrates the damaging physical and psychological effects of political ambition on those who seek power for its own sake. Harry Potter, a series of fantasy, fiction novels written by J.K Rowling, chronicles the life of a young wizard, Harry Potter, a chain adventure of his friends, all of whom are students at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Despite the fact that these two books may seem completely unreliable, there are indeed, certainRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth And The Witches1277 Words   |  6 Pageslet alone capable of power. Shakespeare’s Macbeth declares this stigma wrong. In the play, the most prominent female characters, Lady Macbeth and the Witches, are domineering and mighty, while several male characters are are attributed with weak and â€Å"woman-like† traits. Through the use of reversed gender roles, Macbeth highlights the fact that women are powerful, influential beings, capable of just as much dominance and power as men. Throughout Macbeth, Shakespeare leaves reminders of the expected

A Modern Day Liberal Arts Program Free Essays

string(167) " These issues can be addressed by the inclusion of speech subjects with the objective of training the students in the right manner of being an effective communicator\." If there is one major lesson that we can learn living in this world, it is the fact of impermanence of everything. The world is constantly in a flux, forever fluid, as well as the reality that humanity must face in his day to day battle to live a decent, comfortable life. Everything is changing. We will write a custom essay sample on A Modern Day Liberal Arts Program or any similar topic only for you Order Now If we would borrow a cliche to describe it, the appropriate one is time is achanging. And during this time when a lot of changes are taking place, there is the importance and need that the programs in our colleges to keep abreast with these changes. Failure to do so will only lead to another failure which is a shortcoming in educating our students to prepare then to face the realities of the outside world. In the case of Liberal Arts Programs, the issue stated above is more than appropriate. Lest we forget, Liberal Arts was founded by scholars whose aim is to maximize and develop the intellectual capacity of its students. The word Liberal in latin means libera which means free. The goal of liberal arts then is to free its student from the bondage of ignorance. This is the reason why in the basic curriculum in any liberal arts program subjects like language, literature, philosophy and mathematics are included. The reason for this is to enhance the higher faculty of its students and nurture their ability to be well-verse with the outside world and at the same time of the possibilities of what role they will play in society. The role of Liberal Arts program in general under a setting of a democratic system is the fulfillment of every man’s intellectual potential for growth and development. Understanding that the democratic system bestows on man his rights for equality, liberty and freedom, the part played by Liberal Arts colleges towards these goals is to empower the individual to exercise these innate rights given to him by the form of this political setup. Through the programs offered by Liberal Arts, an individual is given the right tools to have the capacity to think and express his ideas that is beneficial in his pursuit of personal development and progress. The result of the process then is that it uplifts the spirit of the person as an individual and simultaneously shapes him to be a productive participant in the society that he will be a part of. At the same time the effect of this on the society at large is the encouragement on the whole organization to advance in its ability to think. Advancement in the way the society think will bring an outcome where the society can find resolution to the challenges it faces in the fast changing world. Nevertheless, the question that lingers in the face of an ever-changing world is: Is the curriculum offered by Liberal Arts programs enough to keep students prepared to realize their potential once they leave the confine of campus life? The answer to this is very obvious. Though the basic curriculum that is included in the program gives the student the basic skills in cerebral endeavor and basic knowledge to participate effectively in society, there is still the need for it to be flexible and open to other disciplines to make it relevant to the changing world. In today’s changing terrain of realities, there are two points that students of this Liberal Arts Program will have to deal with in order to grow and be equipped with the right tools for them to function and participate in the outside world. One is communication and the other one is technology. Why communication and technology. On a cursory look the two seems wide apart. The first one is almost intangible while the latter is concrete and definite. One may even conclude that technology is far from the aim and mission of any liberal arts curriculum. Yet, on a closer look the two complement with each other. There is a need to master the basics of communication thorough which technology will be used as the tool to convey it. What then are the benefits of program for the student and to the society at large? One, the vision which the program has set for each student is for him to be an all-around person who can participate in the outside world with right tools to keep at pace with the changing world, especially in this age of Information Revolution. As for the society at large, the benefit it can derive from this program is the actualization of everything that was taught in liberal arts classroom to be performed by its student in the outside world. Society can sow the fruits of labor of every student of the program. In a gist, this Liberal Arts Program will aim on what Knoblauch says about the uses of literacy, that it never stands alone, that it is always used for something – â€Å"for professional competence in the technological world, for civic responsibility and the preservation of heritage, for personal growth and self fulfillment, for social and political change† (220). Communication The main goal as to the focus of the program towards communication is obviously the intent of propagating literacy among young people. If we follow what Hirsch said in his study, the literacy rate in United States is only around 66% (2). It is therefore right to conclude that that there are basically one third of the population of the country who are illiterate. The program then will aim at equipping the students with skills that can make them speak well, write well and understand how to convey and relay their thoughts and ideas to others and to the society they are part of. How can these ends be met through the program? In the program under the light of communication, a curriculum which will include subjects on right speech and writing will be designed. These issues can be addressed by the inclusion of speech subjects with the objective of training the students in the right manner of being an effective communicator. You read "A Modern Day Liberal Arts Program" in category "Papers" Speech. There are already in some Liberal Arts programs that include this subject of speech in their curriculum. In this program the same will be applied but with a new philosophy in treating the subject so that the maximum potential of the student can be reached as soon as possible in the course of the program. The approach would be the utilization of 95% of the class hours in the honing and speech practices to be given to the students. The pattern of teaching then would be breathing exercises during the start of the class. After this and throughout the long duration of the semester, the students will be called to present a prepared speech in front of the class, a speech with the duration of five minutes. This will happen throughout the course. Applying this method of teaching how to speak properly in front of an audience will develop at the same time the confidence of the student to fight stage fright. Meanwhile, the final examination for the course will be an extemporaneous speech by which each student, gaining already the confidence to stand in front of an audience, will be taught the experience of speaking their minds out in a comprehensible and structured format. The grading for this course will be unlike in any other speech subject. Since the usual gauge of the instructor in this case is lumping the whole class into one and giving the highest grade to the one who stand out among the rest, this will not be the system for this subject. Since the instructor is observing and sitting at the back of the classroom most of the time, he will grade each student according to his progress in the curriculum. Since a semester is long enough for a student to take several times to stand in front of the class to speak, the basis whether the student passes the subject is whether he has improved in his speaking skills. Writing. It is well known that in every Liberal Arts program there entails an intensive training for writing. It is even said that without focus on this aspect of such a program is a sure doom for the whole curriculum altogether. Writing is the most difficult form of communication since it takes a lot of practice and discipline in order to put what one has in mind into written words. Many have tried to design different approaches on how to address this and how to imbue it as a college experience for students. There are a hundred methods applied to teach writing in school and so far there are only a handful or a small percentage of those who are taught who came out as good writer. In this program concerning writing, there will only be two types of writing skills that will be given priority and importance. One is essay writing and the second one is creative writing. Essay Writing. As I have said there are many approaches tried on this subject to attain the goal that the students gain the skill of writing well. There are many colleges which tried to start-up the writing development of student by applying the formula of instructing their students to put their ideas into writing. But in this program, the approach will be different. Part of the syllabus will be for each student to write different kinds of essays. These are assignments that will be scheduled for the students to submit to the professor during the course of the semester. This scheme is only the tip of the iceberg in teaching the students how to write. First, to let the student feel the words and see how his ideas are transformed into written texts, part of the daily activity of the students in this subject is the creation of what you called a â€Å"morning page† paper. This paper will be written continuously for half an hour with the instruction to the student to write everything he thinks or sees or smells or anything that comes to his mind during that session. Grammar, systax, punctuation and sentences structure in this activity are not considered. There are no right tenses here or correct English. The point of the exercise is to make the student flex his writing muscles. Another part of the activity that will be included in this course is the creation of a journal by every student. It must be clear to the student that to learn how to write one must practice it as regular as possible. And there is no regular activity that will force to the student to write by keeping a journal. Creative Writing. As part of the growth of the student a creative writing class will be designed to encourage him to use his creativity in expressing himself. They say the most difficult kind of writing is the creative one. So why then torture these students of the program to undergo a rigorous writing training that would make their nose bleed? The answer to this question is the simple learning process that the brain adjusts to the difficulty of the task and keeps at par with it. The analogy that I will use for this case is the simple game of playing chess against a computer. If the player would start at the most difficult and professional level of the chess game, it is of course expected that the a notice player will lose hundreds of times. Yet, at the same time this failure to beat the computer in a chess game will give the player hints and samples of how to play the game decisively. Sooner or later the player will adapt to the playing style of the computer and will experience his first win. Used to playing with the highest level the computer can offer, the player then will find it easy to play the lower level skill of the computer. Applied in the case of writing and considering that creative writing is the most difficult style of writing, if the student learns to use his language to write a creative piece, it is conclusive to say that any form of writing then will be easy on his part since he has already mastered the most difficult one. It is like sparring out with a heavyweight then fighting a featherweight will then be easy. This course will take two semesters to complete, during the Fall and Spring semester. Part of the activities here will be on the sport story writing exercises, several sessions of rewriting a previous written assignment. And for the final examination of the students, a short story that runs in 15 pages will be submitted to the professor for evaluation on the progress of the student. Also, as part of the curriculum, the students will be given reading list for the two semesters. This reading list will be novels of classic and contemporary writers of fiction. The genre for the novels does not matter. It may be a pulp fiction, speculative fiction, modernist novels or any other types. From this list the students will choose which they wanted to read for their development in writing a short story. There are three objectives by which this course is chosen and included in the curriculum. First is for the student to learn how to handle his language, second is for him to express himself creatively and the third is for him to write better. Technology Since one of the changes that are fast shaping the terrain of reality and the human society at large is the advent of the Information Revolution, it is appropriate that the curriculum being offered by Liberal Arts includes courses that will enhance the ability of the students to keep abreast with this innovation in technology. Right now, the role played by information technology has encroached on almost every aspect of everyday lives of the modern man. Since the core objective of any Liberal Arts program is to free the students from the bondage of ignorance and prepare him with the realities of the outside world, inclusion of technology in the curriculum is not at all unexpected. Instead, it is totally anticipated to be the course of action of every program. One of the subjects that will fall under this category of technology in the curriculum of this specific Liberal Arts Program is the basic introduction on computer technology. Most colleges have incorporated in their curriculum the use of computer to their students, like how to use word processor, spreadsheets and slide presentation. But this approach under the light of the fast integration of information technology in the lives of the modern man is already passe if not outdated altogether. Teaching a student how to use the computer right now is like teaching him how to operate his television set. It is already given that young people who are going into colleges are well adept with the use of computer. The role that the Liberal Arts Program will take is to push the knowledge of the student beyond from what is already known about information technology. The program then will include in its curriculum basic knowledge on computer hardware like repair and troubleshooting. Included also in the curriculum is the study of how to use the most popular software as of the present time. I said present time since this subject in computer software should be flexible to change at any given time to adjust to the fast pace innovations in information technology. Applying the popular Moore’s Law that the rate of progress of technology is rapid (ebrary Inc, 28) in this equation is appropriate. Computers are expected to perform calculations that doubles every two years, it must be anticipated that what is useful now will be passe and outdate in a couple of years. Grading System There have been many debates regarding the best grading system that ought to be applied in gauging the intellectual progress of every student. In this program, the grading system that will be followed by the instructors and the professors will sit on the foundation that the best gauge of intellectual capacity and development of the student is the progress he shows in the class and in the array of activities designed in the curriculum. It must be understood that the maturity of learning capacity of each student varies from each other considering students are different in their intellectual levels. The role that instructors and professors in the program then will be demanding and laborious since the process and discernment of what grade should get will be on their total evaluation of the student’s progress in their subjects. This grading system will be applied principally in the two major concerns of this program: communication and technology. This kind of grading system is specifically appropriate to be applied in the speech and writing classes. Since these skills take time to be developed, it will be proper if the grading system is according to the progress that the student is making in the course. Take as an example the subject of writing essays. Though everybody in the class is taking the subject for the first time, some may have already an experience in writing that can give them an edge in earning a higher grade. To give each student the chance to get a good grade on the subject, each will be graded according to the development and how fast the student has instilled in himself the craft of writing. Moreover, grading each student according to his progress will put the focus of on imbuing the skill rather than merely getting a high mark for the course. The advantage of this grading scheme is the fact that the priority of the student is how to improve his skills in the art of writing. When the goal of the course is focused on the improvement of the student in learning the craft rather than merely getting a good grade, the effect or result of this is the continuance of learning experience even if the course is already over. Since the student is oriented towards the goal of improving his skills and not just on the temporary and limited goal of earning a good mark, the writing experience is expected to continue until the student is already out of the campus. Knowing for a fact that writing better and effectively per se cannot be taught in a single or couple of semester, one of the main goal then of the course is for the student to continue putting effort to hone his skills in the endeavor of writing until his older and professional years. Though this scheme somewhat will be applied sparingly in the course of subjects concerning technology. Since the subjects are more concrete and mechanic in nature, the progress alone of the student in the curriculum will not suffice to gauge his effort in trying to learn the course. Conclusion The objective of any Liberal Arts program is to bring to freedom from ignorance each student that will take the course. At the same time, the program is designed with the primary goal of giving the student tools with which to face and participate in the outside world of the campus. These tools take the forms of skills like effective speech and deftness in writing craft and knowledge in the new technology abundant in the present age of ours. These skills will help the student be a better player and participant in the society once he is already outside the campus. The good about the program is that it complements the setup in a democratic society where each individual is given his right to pursue equality, liberty and freedom from ignorance. The curriculum that this program will focus on will be communication and technology since these two disciplines also complement each other. Skills in speech and writing will be given the great emphasis while technology through the instruction of how computer works will also be given an importance. The grading system also by which the student will be evaluated will sit on the foundation of looking on the progress of the student rather than meeting the expectation of the instructor or professor. The advantage of this grading scheme is the re-alignment of priority for the student to look at the curriculum as a means to enhance his skills rather than merely getting high marks. Another point of this is the fact that the skills and discipline that the student may imbue on the whole program will be continued to be practiced even if he is already outside the boundary of the campus. Work Cited ebrary, Inc. Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2004 Knoblauch, C. H. â€Å"Literacy and the Politics of Education†. Composing Knowledge. Ed:Rolf Norgaard. Boston, New York. Bedford/St. Martin, 2007. pp. (198-209). Hirsch, E. D. â€Å"Cultural Literacy†. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1987 Annotated Bibliography ebrary, Inc. Computer Science: Reflections on the Field, Reflections from the Field. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2004 This book basically tackled the progress in information technology. In the paper, there is a need for it to be cited since the discussion is the fast pace development in this modern technology. The importance of the idea is to present that the reasoning of the writer in saying that there should be flexibility in the creation of curriculum concerning computer literacy. Knoblauch, C. H. â€Å"Literacy and the Politics of Education†. Composing Knowledge. Ed:Rolf Norgaard. Boston, New York. Bedford/St. Martin, 2007. pp. (198-209). The underlying argument for the reason of the use of what Knoblauch said is to present the fact that literacy has its used in society. Since literacy is one of the objectives of Liberal Arts, it is important to cite his text to show what will be the function of being a literate in society. Hirsch, E. D. â€Å"Cultural Literacy†. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Company, 1987 The function of the information given by Hirsh in his book is to present the problem that is besetting the American population. There is a need for what the author said How to cite A Modern Day Liberal Arts Program, Papers

Probation Prison and Community Corrections Movement free essay sample

There are three theories or models of criminal justice. The first is the retributive theory, the second is the rehabilitative theory, and the last is the restorative theory. The first basically concerns itself with the punishment of people by putting them in boot camps/prisons or away from people, in order to deter their ways. Such acts instill discipline and fear, which in turn reduces crime. The second one believes that working with these people change their ways reduce crime (The U . S. Penal System: Restorative and /or Retributive Justice). The third restorative theory aims to reintroduce and re-incorporate the persons back into the community after retribution or rehabilitation. The retributive theory is optimistic and believes that people are innately good such that prison cells are built so that the prisoner inside the cell can be silent. As he is silent, he can meditate on his wrong-doings. This tradition believes that then spiritual transformation may take place thus rehabilitating such person. On the other hand, the rehabilitative theory is pessimistic, which is why facilities were built to bring about obedience. What is done is to â€Å"instill habits of work in people, help build their skills then they will be rehabilitated. The third restorative theory is one, which believes that true rehabilitation takes place when such person is allowed back into the community and is a combination of both retributive and rehabilitative theories, seeks to (1 )deter future and past criminals from doing a crime because the threat of incarceration looms (2 ) incapacitate the offender to stop the individual from possibly endangering others (3 ) punish the criminal by serving time and living a restricted lifestyle and (4 ) rehabilitate them for release into society (Fuller , 125-27). According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the probation success rate is 62%. Most probation programs are designed to (1) protect the community by assisting judges in sentencing and supervising offenders, (2) carry out sanctions imposed by the court, (3) help offenders change, (4) support crime victims, and (5) coordinate and promote the use of community resources. Background Parole in Americas criminal system is one of todays most hotly debated topics in the criminal justice field is whether or not individual states should abandon the parole system. Parole is a release from confinement after serving part of the sentence: conditional release from prison under supervision of a parole officer who has the authority to recommend a return to prison if the conditions of parole are violated. It is only in the last 30 years that community corrections have become a substantial part of the correctional system. The procedure known as â€Å"parole† in the criminal justice system has been in practice in the United States since the late 1800’s when it was begun in a reformatory in Elmira, New York. The ground work for probation was laid in 1830 with the use of release on recognizance. Probation began to emerge in 1841 with the volunteer efforts of John Augustus. He began by first recommending to judges that certain offenders be released under his supervision. In recent years, the push for alternatives to incarceration has, in large part, been in response to rapidly increasing prison populations in Canada and the United States. Legislators in Canada and the United States have passed legislation in recent years aimed at reducing or stabilizing prison populations. Canada and the United States have the highest rates of incarceration of all Western democratic countries, at 130 and 529 per 100,000 populations respectively (Correctional Service of Canada, 1995). Canadian prison and penitentiary populations are increasing rapidly, up 12% and 22% respectively between 1989/90 and 1994/95. Beginning in the 1950s, national attention was focused on the development of alternative, community-based correctional services. In the early stages of the community corrections movement, local institutions, residential centers, group homes and specialized probation services were promoted as alternatives to incarceration. In the late 1960s, a second phase of the community corrections movement stimulated an explosion of diversion programs that were promoted as alternatives to the criminal justice system altogether (Kornell, 2013). Community corrections offer viable alternatives to incarceration for offenders at various stages of the criminal justice process. The alternatives which may be available to offenders include are bail supervision programs, alternative measures programs, restitution programs, fine options programs, community service order, probation, intensive supervision probation, conditional sentence of imprisonment, attendance  center programs, electronic monitoring, community-based centers, temporary absence programs and parole. Its process provides for early conditional release from prison for convicted felons, after part of their prison sentence has been served, and they are found to be eligible for parole based on factors such as: conduct while incarcerated, rehabilitative efforts/progress, type of offense, and remorse for their crime. Its use has been expanded to many states, and today has become the primary way by which offenders are released from prisons and correctional institutions. Parole is a supervised release of a prisoner before they have completed their entire sentence. When on parole the parolee has to comply with the rules set forward for them or they will end up going back to jail for violating their parole. Some of the rules they have to follow include following the law, getting a job, and checking in with their parole officer. Parole does not mean that the offenders are completely free; they are still supervised by the parole officer. Benefits that many people feel it is time to do away with parole, while others are fighting for its survival. As with any controversial change, mainly there are pros and cons to parole and the argument, of all in which are very convincing. The basic arguments for and against the parole system at the state level can be easily defined. One of the strongest arguments against the destruction of the parole system is the overpopulation problem in most prisons. Since the early 1990s, the population of inmates in correctional institutions has grown astronomically. Between 1996 and 1999, prisons have seen a 41% increase in the population of violent crime offenders. For drug related offenses, the number has increased three-fold (Kornell 2013). So it would make sense to argue that eliminating parole would be detrimental to the criminal justice system and its penitentiary facilities. Parole is based on the belief that a controlled, gradual, and supervised release from prison back into society. Not only helps the inmate but also makes a safer society. However, the American public understands that not all criminals can be locked up. Doubts are being raised about allocating a significant proportion of tax dollars to prisons. Pouring billions of dollars into operating costs and new prisons constructions ($24. 5 billion in 1996) and seeing no reduction in crime will slowly move the public to reassess attitudes toward punishment. The US prison exists for these four reasons. Admittedly, the priority of these two theories is not the person put in prison but the community, which he /she violated and the other possible communities, which he /she may violate in the future. The prison system really at present is aimed at the protection of the communities rather than the rehabilitation of the prisoner. While the reason for the prison system is to deter past and future criminals, incapacitate the offender, punish the criminal and rehabilitate them, what is accomplished by the system at present are the first three. While the prison system aims at rehabilitating the person, the community outside does not afford the person the opportunity to rehabilitate himself within the community. Case-in-point are fourteen states in the country where ex-felons are not allowed to vote because of their crimes. Unfortunately, parole is not always rewarded to worthy inmates, thus putting society at risk for repeated crimes that often outweigh the benefits of parole, therefore, parole should be abolished and inmates should be made to complete their full sentence. When deciding whether or not to release an inmate on parole the most important factor is the protection of society. Just because the inmate has been good and has followed all the rules does not mean that they are going to get parole. In order to be released on parole the inmate must be eligible. Not all prisoners are eligible for parole during their sentences. For example prisoners serving life sentences are not likely eligible. 45% of parolees will complete their supervision and will then be released, While the other 55% of parolees will violate their parole and end up back in jail. The ones who are convicted of offending are also charged with violating their parole. Parole not only helps the inmate get released back into society, it also helps the prisons with space. There are many things that influence how a judge sentences a person to jail or probation. Each state has a mandatory prison sentence in regards to the type of crime. The most common prohibited probation offenses are murder, use of weapon, sex offenders, prior felony, kidnapping, drug crimes robbery and repeated drunk driving. There are four factors in revoking probation for an offender, them being; lack of availability, he offenders willingness to accept probation, the Pre-Sentence Investigation report. When it comes to providing supervision of an offender, there has to be the resources to do so. The United States has so many offenders out on probation and parole that the ratio from offender to PO is over overwhelming. So when there are not enough resources available the judge has no other choice but to place the offender into the corrections supervision for a period of time. Some offenders would rather take the shorter sentence of prison then a long probation period. Doing the jail time, when they get out they can move around and do what they please without getting permission from the state. Most of the times the offenders who chose to take prison over probation are going to end up back in the system. (Recidivism 2007). Community involvement and reaction Research also shows that citizens are less punishment-oriented than many political leaders believe. For example, in surveys conducted in Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Alabama, the Public Agenda Foundation of New York City found that â€Å"when the public is made aware of the possible range of punishments, and given information about how and with whom they are used, they support alternatives to incarceration-including punishments administered in the community- for offenders considered nonviolent and low risk. (Kornell 2013). An incident occurred in Palm Beach were a 19-year old woman dodged a lengthy prison sentence for DUI manslaughter involving the death of two people and injury to two others. The Circuit Judge sentenced a sophomore attending the University of Florida to 15 years in prison, then suspended the sentence and put her on probation with a host of special conditions; one is that she spends a year in jail upon completion of her college degree. The other is her license is permanently revoked, although she can apply for a hardship license. There are other conditions, but know she is labeled a felon on any job applications she applies for. (Recidivism 2007). In this case we see the effects of probation and parole and how it can affect the life of the criminal forever in varying ways.